The Health Inequity Among The Indigenous Australian...

Answer 1: The social problem being addressed here is the health inequity among the Indigenous Australian patients with end stage kidney disease. The article focuses on miscommunication and lack of understanding about renal disease being the major reasons for this healthcare disparity. It was also shown that there was very little done over the years to address this social problem. Researchers who uses qualitative study for addressing a problem they are interested in are most often confronted with enormous background knowledge they could use to make their research more successful. (Flick, 2007) The research question could be as follows: - Q) What according to Indigenous Australians are the causes for end stage kidney disease? How has their understanding on the same affected with their treatment regimen? Answer 2: The authors have used constructivist paradigm for this study. It focuses on the subjective experiences of the patients. This paradigm stresses on holistic understanding of the issue and the importance of context. The study was aimed at exploring and comparing the views of Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients undergoing the end stage kidney disease and their engagement with the treatment. When choosing this approach, the researcher takes into account the social aspects of the participants. Hence, the study is generally socially constructed. For example, in the given article, the study design chosen was in-depth interviewing and that led to a subjective

Multicultural Education, Its Purpose, Goals, And...

Banks (2012) cited the history behind multicultural education, its purpose, goals, and challenges inclusive to multiculturalism. One of the challenges’ that Banks noted was the problem was with â€Å"Ideological resistance by assimilationist is a major factor that has slowed and is still slowing the development of a multicultural curriculum† (p. 244). Bank’s literature contributed to the knowledge of historical patterns associated with multicultural education and the need for more multicultural programs in education. Jia (2015) contributed to the history by stating there was a lack of intercultural programs that were connected to English as a Foreign Language program in China. Jia argued for more multicultural programs, which could have helped students to become more self-aware, and would have aided students to comprehend ethnocentrism and racial stereotypes while reducing prejudice. The principal goal in Jia’s research was to collect data at a national level regarding culture and at a foreign level regarding intercultural programs. Students then would be able to identify and associate these cultures by presenting their differences and similarities; the main goal at the behavioral level was to contemplate about the national culture and individual intercultural interactions. Jia posited the lack of multicultural programs at an international level with an English as a Second Language program was not just a problem associated in the United States, but went beyond the confines ofShow MoreRelat edThe Problem Of Multicultural Education Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesProblem in Multicultural Education The common topic of the three articles is multicultural education. In the article, â€Å"Faculty perceptions of multicultural teaching in a large urban university,† the authors believe that â€Å"lack of understanding of multicultural teaching is evident in spite of the growing literature on theories of multicultural education and data documenting best practices† (Bigatti, S. M., et. al, 2012, p. 78). The authors of this article defines the meaning of the multicultural teachingRead MoreInclusive Leadership And Its Impact On Cultural Diversity1517 Words   |  7 Pagesrace, gender, ethnic group, age, personality, education, and background. Inclusive leadership model brings us together by using our knowledge and our differences. Ospina, Hdidy, and Caicedo (2011) define inclusive leadership as an organizational culture that consistently produces results that benefit all of those stakeholders â€Å"Inclusive Leadership (IL) is about relationships that can accomplish thin gs for mutual benefit† (Hollander, 2008, p.3). Inclusive leadership has a greater impact on culturalRead MoreMulticultural Pedagogy in Higher Education3583 Words   |  15 PagesRunning Head: MULTICULTURAL PEDAGOGY Multicultural Pedagogy in Higher Education Multicultural Pedagogy in Higher Education There is a difference between teaching a course in which multiculturalism is the focus and incorporating an underlying multicultural, inclusive perspective into the classroom environment. Given that â€Å"there is no universal construction of a multiculturalism course that is perfect for achieving all goals for all students† (Henry, 2003, p. 26), finding a way to build a multiculturalRead MoreThe Cabot School District Strives to Meet the Educational Needs of Every Student1344 Words   |  6 Pagesnot only academically but also socially and culturally by creating an atmosphere that embraces diversity and provides students with meaningful diversified and multicultural educational opportunities. The goals and objectives set forth in this strategic planned are aimed at providing a learning environment that enriches the quality of education by providing students with the opportunity to acquire skills that allow them to function effectively as human beings in a highly diverse soc iety. I. WhereRead MoreFlexibility, And Teamwork Guide Our Recent School Design1430 Words   |  6 PagesFlexibility, and teamwork guide our recent school design. Each newly constructed school building is expected to serve its purpose far into an unpredictable future; therefore, the key challenge for designers is to attain flexibility (Copa Pease, 1992; Dudek, 2000; Jilk, 2005; Nair Fielding, 2005). This demand for flexibility applies to many different features of a school building, such as spaces and environments for different group sizes and learning styles, dynamic boundaries and the abilityRead MoreExamine the Key Factors Influencing Inclusive Teaching and Learning2084 Words   |  9 Pagesinfluencing inclusive teaching and learning Inclusive teaching means recognising, accommodating and meeting the learning needs of all students, regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, religion, disability or sexual orientation. This starts with acknowledging that students are members of diverse communities, have a range of individual learning needs, and deserve equal opportunity to access the learning experience. Applying inclusive learning is increasingly important in our diverse society and education shouldRead MorePreschool Environment Is The First Exposure That Many Children Make When They Transition From Home2060 Words   |  9 Pagesbringing them together in an environment that teaches them to accept, respect, and appreciate individual differences in an increasingly diverse world. In order to better service the families and children in a diverse community, the program promotes multicultural in a play based learning environment. The preschool is located in the inner city. The largest racial group in the community is White (47% of the city’s population), Hispanic (30%), Asian (27%), and followed by Black or African American (8%). TheRead MoreDifferent Types Of Assessment Now1087 Words   |  5 PagesChurches 2014; Education Victoria 2014; Freeman Lewis 2002; Jackson 2010; Hogan 2007; JISC 2007; JISC 2009; uiowa 2014; Valencia 2014): DIAGNOSTIC, FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE: In an educational setting, diagnostic assessment is a type of assessment which examines what a student knows and can do prior to a learning program being implemented. Formative assessment might be a teacher or peer, providing feedback on a student s work and would not necessarily be used for grading purposes. Summative assessmentRead MoreMy Reflection Of Education In Education1210 Words   |  5 Pagesis a time of curiosity, a time for play, and a time for development. Every child is unique and deserving of an early childhood education that will enhance their individual development( social/emotional, language/literacy, cognitive, physical development, and creative expression and aesthetic appreciation) through a variety of enjoyable experiences. Early childhood education program relies on differentiated instruction and play-based learning to educate and care for children in a way that is developmentallyRead MoreEthics And Diversity : The Case Stu dy Analysis, Resolutions And Personal Bias1589 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This paper has the purpose to examine issues related to ethics and diversity in education, including the case study analysis, resolutions and personal bias. My case study is about students that we have in the school with many doubts and concerns because do not understand the language. In some cases the teachers do not want to work with these students because is difficult, and at the same time the student feels discriminated against. According to Rayner (2009), educational diversity is

An Argument Against Slavery Being Good - 1597 Words

Oscar Himpflewitz Best Answer - Chosen by Voters ~The full quote, taken out of context, is: I hold that in the present state of civilization, where two races of different origin, and distinguished by color, and other physical differences, as well as intellectual, are brought together, the relation now existing in the slaveholding States between the two, is, instead of an evil, a good a positive good. ... I hold then, that there never has yet existed a wealthy and civilized society in which one portion of the community did not, in point of fact, live on the labor of the other. ... Calhoun said it on February 6, 1837, is voicing his opposition to sending the issue of abolition to a Senate committee for study, noting that The subject†¦show more content†¦Read Thomas Jeffersons thoughts on that topic, as well as the treatises of any number of other academicians of the era. From pulpits in the north and south alike (as well as in Europe) those enlightened men of the cloth made it clear that the African race was put on earth by God to serve as the beast of burden of the white race and Man had no right to question, let alone interfere with, Gods will. At one time or another, Calhoun voiced all of these ideas, as did many of his counterparts in the north. The quote of interest to you was uttered by Calhoun when he forewarned of the inherent danger of allowing Congress to consider an issue over which it had no right, authority or jurisdiction, and he warned that the concession of allowing such a debate, even in committee, could only exacerbate the growing sentiment for secession. His concern was not the abolition of slavery - he knew that Congress could not do that. His concern was the continuing and ever increasing encroachment of the federal government into areas that, as a matter of basic and fundamental constitutional law, were expressly reserved onto the states. He predicted as early as 1837 that if such encroachments continued unabated: It is impossible under the deadly hatred which must spring up between the two great nations, if the present causes are permitted to operate unchecked, that we should continue under the same political system. The conflicting elements would burst the Union asunder, powerful as areShow MoreRelatedAn Argument Against Slavery Being Good1612 Words   |  7 Pageswhere two races of different origin, and distinguished by color, and other physical differences, as well as intellectual, are brought together, the relation now existing in the slaveholding States between the two, is, instead of an evil, a good a positive good. ... I hold then, that there never has yet existed a wealthy and civilized society in which one portion of the community did not, in point of fact, live on the labor of the other. ... Calhoun said it on February 6, 1837, is voicing hisRead MoreThe Slavery Of Slavery And Slavery944 Words   |  4 Pages1830s, religion was an argument used by the North to condemn slavery. The South also used religion as their argument, but instead, they used the Bible to argue that slavery was an acceptable part of life. People have questioned whether it was right or wrong of the South to use the bible to support their beliefs in slavery. Some would say that pro-slavery southerners had every right to use the Bible to support their beliefs. When Northerners began to use the Bible against slavery, southerners used thisRead MoreArguments Against Slavery in the British Caribbean Under the Following Headings: I) Economic Ii) Religious Iii) Humanitarian775 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle presenting arguments AGAINST slavery in the British Caribbean under the following headings: i) Economic ii) Religious iii) Humanitarian On every street corner, in every household, on every tongue and on every wall, contradictory views on the system of slavery are being disputed. The public is being bombarded by the economic, religious and humanitarian views of slavery. The pressing issue that will be highlighted in today’s article is the arguments against slavery. The economicRead MoreInfluence Of A Slave s Point Of View1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe Influence of a Slave’s Point of View As taught, slavery existed for a good portion of American history from the 1620’s until its abolishment in 1865. Its existence created a big controversy over the morality of white Americans and challenged Americans ideal of a free country in a multitude of ways. As brutal as present-day Americans think of slavery, is the same way the abolitionists thought of it then, especially after reading Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave byRead MoreFrederick Douglass And Frederick Douglass Analysis1137 Words   |  5 PagesPetitions have some similarities and differences in the argument about slavery and its destiny with America. They both talk about slavery but in different ways. Douglass argues against slavery addressing that the signers of the Declaration of Independance put the interests of a country above their own and urges his listeners to continue the work of these great men who brought freedom to this land. While Calhoun argues for slavery responding to anti slavery petitions sent to the Senate by abolitionist groupsRead MoreThe Theory : A Theory On The Development Of Societies915 Words   |  4 Pagesa mudsill there must be a support on the bottom of a building to sustain the top. This argument was very strong in the southern community because it was the most reasonable statement that included all the society as a whole. There are various motives ranging from social, political, and economic beliefs that all build a society, where in the minds of white Americans in southern states, the institution of slavery was just another reality that seemed essential, traditional, and even a systematic justificationRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe1522 Words   |  7 Pagespresident is referring to is Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a 1850s book about the moral wrongs of slavery. It has been said to be the most influential anti-slavery book that has ever been written. Harriet Beecher Stowe is an effective author. She uses numer ous literary devices such as facile characters, character foils, and symbolism to highlight her abolitionist views and constructs a persuasive argument against slavery. One of the things Harriet Beecher Stowe is known for in Uncle Tom’s Cabin is her manyRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1449 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Slavery is founded on the selfishness of man’s nature; opposition to it on his love for justice.† This saying by Abraham Lincoln tells us that people are really different when it comes to their beliefs and attitudes. Some are so focused on wealth, which is why they have slaves to work for free, and treated them as properties instead of real human beings. On the other hand, some people were against slavery because it violated the basic human rights like the right to life, liberty, and security.Read MoreHow Supporters of Slavery Used Legal, Religious, and Economic Arguments to Defend the Institution1538 Words   |  7 Pagesindustrialized and self sufficient, the South stayed behind and depended heavily on other countries for manufactured goods in exchange for cotton. The North felt superior to the South, a nd the South was not pleased about that. Although most Northerners didn t care much for slavery, there were handfuls that were abolitionists and attacked the South on their backwards economy that depended on slavery . In the South, not everyone was a slaveholder as one may think; there were actually more non slaveholdersRead MoreThe Slavery Of The Bible1371 Words   |  6 Pagesvaried person to person. As slavery was a hotly contested subject in the nation, people yearned to prove that their beliefs were in line with scripture, and that they were divinely sanctioned to behave how they did. Both pro and anti slavery sentiment were largely fueled by interpretation of scripture, as the Bible does provide substance for both sides of the argument. Pro slavery advocates pointed to the fact that Biblical characters had slaves, and there are pro slavery verses in the Bible. Abolitionists

The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman - 913 Words

The American Dream Throughout history the American dream has been a fantasy that everyone wanted to achieve. The american dream focuses on opportunity, equality and overall achievement that includes both tangible and intangible objects. The american dream came from the early settlers in America who were striving to achieve equality and opportunities for everyone. The american dream appealed to everyone because it was possible for everyone to achieve. It wasnt all about how much money a person could achieve, but more about how everyone had the ability to achieve it. The american dream is still trying to be achieved today and is an ongoing process that many people are working hard to attain. The advertisements of the american dream are focused a lot on what people are capable of becoming as well as the material part part of the dream and how much they can own. Although the American dream seemed like a reality for most people living in the 1920s and 1950s because of the economic prosper ity, it was actually unattainable because of the corrupted values of people living during this era. The american dream can be thought of as a broad subject, but each decade in history focused on a different part of the dream. In the 1920s, the dream focused on wealth and how much material products people had. Wealth was something that everyone yearned because it gave them a sense of power and made them feel like their life was a success. The 1920s was a time of change with unbelievableShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby And The Death Of A Salesman1328 Words   |  6 PagesWithin these two stories, The Great Gatsby and The Death of a Salesman, there are numerous similarities and differences amongst the protagonist characters in the stories: Jay Gatsby, a well-off, aristocratic man who throws immense parties in order to satisfy his desires of finding the girl and Willy, a father who has flashbacks that distort his vision of the truth and his vision to success. The â€Å"American Dreamà ¢â‚¬  is the â€Å"dream† that all Americans are granted the same chance to attain their life goalsRead MoreThe Great Gatsby And Death Of A Salesman1241 Words   |  5 Pagesambition has been so prevalent in literature. It is the dominant theme in The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald, William Shakespeare s Macbeth, Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and The Wolf of Wall Street by Jordan Belfort. In this essay, I will discuss the two ways over ambition can cause an individual s downfall. The first is setting unattainable goals which we can see in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman. The second is trying to achieve your goals unethically, seen in Macbeth andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby And The Death Of A Salesman1427 Words   |  6 Pages In both The Great Gatsby and The Death of a Salesman, the pursuit of the American Dream is a destructive force that is evident throughout the texts because neither Gatsby nor Willy understand their own limitations. Willy Loman and Gatsby are characters fascinated and easily dominated by the American dream that destroys them. Their dreams come from an illusionary past and that are both based outside of their own selves. Gatsby wanted to rewind to his past, while Willy attempted to create a descentRead MoreThe Great Gatsby And Death Of A Salesman1834 Words   |  8 Pagesthe three excerpts The Catcher in the Rye, The Great Gatsby, and Death of a Salesman could interpret this. The three excerpts have been shown to be a base for â€Å"the American Dream,† or basic â€Å"Alienation,† but to look deeper into the source at hand and their distinct features; the clear status of showing the reader how corrupt society can be. The way these three novels have set the stages for c orruption and it s ongoing timeline that leads to either death or being pushed into a mental hospital. Of courseRead MoreComparing The Great Gatsby And Death Of A Salesman915 Words   |  4 PagesIn both, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, the main characters Jay Gatsby and Willy Loman manifest themselves in their illusions of success and popularity and are unable to face their bitter realities. Within both texts, this idea of false perceived success is portrayed. First, the character Gatsby creates an illusion of success by lying about his source of wealth. He does not want anyone to realize that he is not actually successful and has reliedRead MoreDeath of a Salesman Compared to the Great Gatsby Essay613 Words   |  3 PagesComparing Death of a Salesman to The Great Gatsby In the search for the American dream many things can be lost, this is reflected in the novel The Great Gatsby and the movie Death of a Salesman. Both of these works demonstrate the lengths that some people will go to in order to achieve the stereotypical life of a rich, successful and powerful American, which is often referred to as the American dream. Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller illustrates how the character Willy will stop at nothing toRead MoreThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman and The Great Gatsby1238 Words   |  5 PagesSociety once was based on truth, passion, and liberty for all but now is a mere illusion, focusing on money, power and how to reach it; portraying materialism and wealth as the â€Å"American Dream† and self-actualization, as portrayed by Miller in Death of a Salesman. The American Dream came to mean fame and fortune, instead of a promise that shaped a nation. (David Kamp, Vanity Fair) This so- called dream has done incredible damage to our companies and corporations in America. As economic success andRead MoreSurvival Guide : The Great Gatsby, And Death Of A Salesman1796 Words   |  8 PagesChristine Powroznik English Final Exam: Survival Guide Pursuit of Happyness, Dead Poet’s Society, The Great Gatsby, Death of a Salesman 1) The American Dream The Great Gatsby: The American dream is a chance to start a new life in a new setting. In this book, Gatsby’s American dream was Daisy. Once he met her, he devoted his life to pleasing her: he bought the mansion across the bay from her, had extravagant parties, etc. He always held onto his hope, or the green light, that he would win herRead MoreAmerican Dream Derailed in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman1486 Words   |  6 PagesScott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, and Arthur Miller’s drama, Death of a Salesman, both protagonists, Jay Gatsby and Willy Loman, are convinced that the way to achieve a better life is by living the â€Å"American dream†. However, the dream does not end up successfully for these two characters. In fact, their ideals and hopes of rising to success cause their American dream to take a turn into a nightmare. Although it may seem as if F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is portraying a romanticRead More Comparing the Perversion of Values in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman1642 Words   |  7 PagesPerversion of Values in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman      Ã‚   Throughout History there are many examples of perversions, from sexual, social to the very morals themselves. One of the greatest examples is the continuous corruption of the American Dream. As the Dream evolves, it tends to conform to the illicit dealings of the time and immortals of society. No longer is an individual interested in working hard to achieve goals, it is desirous of the quick fix. Society wants its wishes

Night of the Long Knives Free Essays

The Night of the Long Knives(The Blood Purge) Hitler had an abundance of power due to the enabling act that was granted to him by President Hindenburg. Even with all his power, Hitler still felt threatened by the SA leaders. This lead to the Night of the long Knives June 29th, 1934. We will write a custom essay sample on Night of the Long Knives or any similar topic only for you Order Now This purge was only the beginning of his conquest to be the dictatorial power of Germany. What happened on the Night of the Long Knives? And why did Hitler arrange it. What happened during the Night of the Long Knives? This event saw the wiping out of he SA leaders and other people that angered Hitler. Hitler ordered his SS troops to arrest the leaders of the SA and political figures. Hitler assembled a fairly large group of SS and regular police, and went to the Hanselbauer Hotel in Bad Wiessee. Ernest Rohm and his followers were staying there. Upon arriving at the hotel, Hitler personally arrested Rohm and high ranking officers of the SA. Hitler then headed back to Munich where he addressed an assembled crowd of party members and SA members, saying â€Å"the worst treachery in world istory. † Hitler told the crowd that â€Å"undisciplined and disobedient characters and asocial or diseased elements† would be annihilated. When he arrived back in Berlin, he radioed to G oring saying the codeword â€Å"kolibri† to let loose the execution squads on more unsuspecting people. Hitler also used this purge to make a move on the conservatives he found unreliable. Himmler, Goring and Hitler himself ordered the SS against old enemies. Kurt von Schliecher George Strasser (angered Hitler by resigning from the party) and Gustav Ritter von Kahr former Bavarian state commissioner who brought down the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923) The reasons why this purge happened was because Hitler feared that someone would try and over throw him, Rohm and the SA had the power to do so if they wanted (Rohm was the leader of the SA, the SA had a force of over 3 million men). So Hitler did what he thought needed to happen. He got rid of the problems and anyone else he thought had the power to overthrow him. The Night of the Long Knives did not just remove those who opposed or threatened Hitlers position. It also got the army to sign an oath that Hitler needed. The army saw the SA as a threat to their authority because the SA outnumbered them, also Rohm spoke about taking over the regular army by including them with the ranks of the SA. This alarmed the army leaders. Hitler then made a pact with the army. If Rohm and the other SA leaders were removed then the army would be in control of the SA. However for that to occur the army had to sign an oath of loyalty to Hitler. Hitler told the public of this gruesome even on July 13th 1934. Hitler told the Reichstag. in this hour I was responsible for the fate of the German people, and I thereby I became the supreme judge of the German people. I gave order to shoot the ringleaders in this treason, and I further gave the order to cauterize down to the raw flesh the ulcers if this poisoning of the wells in our domestic life. Let the nation know that its existence- which depends on its internal order and security- cannot be threatened with impun ity by anyone! And let it be known for all the time to come that if anyone raises his hand to strike the state, then certain death is his lot† – Adolf Hitler, July 13th, 1934. he aftermath of the Night of the Long Knives aka â€Å"The Blood Purge. † Hitler got away with his purge because Hitler had the cabinet approve a measure on July 3rd that declared â€Å"The measures taken on June 30th to July 1st and 2 to suppress treasonous assaults are legal as acts of self-defense by the State. † A new law was added which was signed by Hitler, Franz Gurtner, and the Minister of the interior Wilhelm Frick. The new law legalized the murderes committed during the purge under treason. The army applauded the Night of the Long Knives nd President Hidenburg expressed his â€Å"profoundly felt gratitude† and he congratulated Hitler. Hitler rewarded Himmler by giving him control of the SS. Himmler would now only answer to Hitler. Also Hitler game himself President a s well as Chancellor, a new role called ‘Der Fuehrer’. He also made himself head of the armed forces, who swore an oath of loyalty. Adolf Hitler was now in complete control after President Hindenburgs death in August. The Night of the Long Knives occurred on June 29th 1934. Many high ranking officers of he SA were killed, including several of Hitlers partners executed in the purge. After the purge Hitler created another Nazi organization called the Schutzstaffel or also known as the SS. The SS became the most feared arm in Nazi Germany. The Night of the Long Knives was an action to get rid of those disagreeing with Hitler or getting in the way of his rise to power. He was scared that someone would attempt to overthrow him. The result was the rise of an even greater/ stronger paramilitary for the Nazis. How to cite Night of the Long Knives, Papers

Environmental Law and Issue Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Law and Issue. Answer: Introduction Environmental lawis the collective term for all valid statutes, treaties, customary and common laws, regulations, etc. that prevent environment from further damage by addressing harmful activities carried out by humans in a lawful manner, ensuring safety and protection. The basic message of mostenvironmental laws is to address the dire situation of pollution affecting the planet quite drastically. Another series of regulatory terminologies, better known for the protection of natural and minerals, also has a strong effect on the overall position of theenvironmental laws as a whole (Percival et al,2015). There are several other categories as well that effect the environmental laws greatly. The issue of overpopulation and its effects on water resources Every day the population of Australia increases exponentially, it is not a coincidence that 70% of seafood consumption in Australia is imported from foreign lands and not from Queensland and Victoria which each hold significant bodies of water that have be known for their diverse pelagic species. Electricity bills for seafood producers have rocketed and the infrastructure to support the seafood producing plants have to be maintained extensively and not just that, landfill construction below the Sidney Basin have come to a temporary halt (Goldie and Betts, 2014). The root of these problems rests with the extensive growth of Australias population which without a doubt, compromises the availability of food, water, fresh air and also other non-environmental things like education. The population burst and the high rate of the Australian dollar coupled with the ever-increasing heat and drought, results to the degradation of the environment and also the reduction of necessary resources for survival (Mora, 2014). It can be seen via various recent studies that since 2010, the rate of migration has increased by 20% and in most Australian states and localities, 80% of total area is supposedly dominated by the extra migrants together with the residents. This phenomenon would not just result in the loss of food and water but also the reduction of free land and land free from fragmentation which is considered wild which. This mass-migration leads to deforestation and a very significant damage to the environment, scarring it for eternity. If such situations (mass-migration and land fragmentation) are not controlled quickly, then environmental degradation as a result of these issue will continue to increase, leaving the Australian environment and economy in shambles. In the country of Australia, The Environment Protection, and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) is one of the main pieces of legislation that controls the set of environmental laws as a whole (Uniyalet al, 2016). The EPBC Act provides a framework to legally protect the precious floral and faunal factors of the ecological environment. The Act also focuses on specifying places of great heritage, environmental importance as they are listed by reference to threatened species or places of heritage of environmental importance. The purpose of the EPBC Act is, Conservation of Australian Biodiversity, maintaining a proper assessment on the environment in a streamlined basis, promotion of sustainable development, etc. Water management policies and legislations The main topic of discussion in this project would be management of water resources as a whole in the Australian continent and the various laws affecting it. Australia has always faced major issues in maintaining sustainability in water supply while facing drying climatic conditions, drought and escalating demand for drinking water. Responding to that, the Government provided federal leadership in water policy and several legal legislation reforms for all Australian citizens. (Water Act. 2007 helps the metrological department of Australia in providing weather related data) Australia leads other nations when taking into consideration its various approaches in the management of water resource (Froscioet al, 2016). Several pieces of legislation such as the Water Act 2007, provide proper water marketing system and maintaining the system for sale and purchase. The Australian Government pledges to develop the water reform policies, in order to ensure the most sustainable use of its resourc es unlike any other nation in the world. Various Water legislation of Australia The State and Federal Government have provided a series of legislation designed not only to help in the sustainable use of water in the country, but have also played a major role in protecting the resource and its utility, some of the acts are: Water Act, 2007: The said act started on the 3rd of September, 2007 and was later amended by thefamous Water Amendment Act of 2008 on the 8th ofDecember, 2008, which followed the Memorandum of Understanding discussed and professed in March 2008 considering the MurrayDarling Basin Reforms and theIntergovernmental Agreement on the stated and discussed reform on July 2008 (Docker and Robinson, 2014). In addition to starting up the MDBA the Water Act also: Provides functional duties with respect to charge of water and rules of water market to the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC). Maintains the Commonwealth Environmental Water Holder (CEWH). Provides functional relation to water information to the Bureau of Meteorology. For example, the water act provides water licensing and proper water marketing system to benefit proper legal use of the resource and its sustainability. Water Efficiency Labelling and Standards Act, 2005: Water Efficiency Labelling and Standards Act (WELS) is one of Australia's efficiency of water and its labelling schemes that deals with certain products that are to be registered and then labeled along with their respective efficiency of water in accordance with the standardized set framework under the national Water Efficiency Labelling and Standards Act started in the year 2005. The WELS and its scheme completed its successive fifth year of operating brilliance in the year 2009-10. Upholding consistently with the requirements presented in the section 76 of the said Water Efficiency Labelling and Standards Act 2005, an independent review of the scheme's first five years of operation was undertaken (Lowet al, 2015). The review was required to consider the appropriateness, effectiveness and efficiency of the scheme and made recommendations for its improvement. This act creating a system of security by which water from different resources are labeled according to their pollutant content. Water Regulation, 2008: The Regulations commenced on 30 June 2008 and give effect to a range of matters provided for in the Water Act 2007. Part 7 of the Water Regulations deals with water information. It sets out the detailed requirements of the water information framework established by the Water Act 2007. It defines who must give specified water information to the Bureau, and the time and format in which it must be given. The Regulations individually name over 200 organizations which are required to give the Bureau specified water information that is in their possession, custody or control (Radcliffe, 2015). The Bureau has an open and transparent approach to maintaining and developing Part 7 of the Regulations. The regulations provide proper water custody and guides authorities in to provide drinking water judiciously considering the resources in the country. Water Market Rules, Reports, and Charges: The Australian reports for the water market 201516 show very distinctive but comprehensive annual statistical report on activities regarding water trading all across the Australian continent betwee?n the 200708 and 201516. The report describes the supply and demand of water and the various conditions that affect them. Trade volumes and marketprices for all surface water and groundwater markets in Australian Continent are also kept in check. Various National Water Reforms The implementation, safeguard, initiative, reformation and any other activity of national significance falls on the shoulders of the Council of Australian Governments (COAG), same can be said that the same council takes decisions regarding the reforms of water as well. Since the year 2004, the COAG has taken multiple initiatives on the development of water as a resource and its reformation, such as: Appropriate pricing of water, its storage and its delivery. Expansion of water trade Provisional water plans for environmental safety. Redirecting stress from burdened water systems. Management of public wants and demands. Introduction of water right registers and introducing principles and ideas for accounting of water (Davies and Wright, 2014.). The principles along with many more have been stringently safeguarding the water system in Australia. Considering the various laws and acts that were stated and discussed in the above sections of the project report, it can be said that the government of Australia is doing a fine job regarding the policies of water management. The various initiatives taken by the COAG were not only economically viable but were the best options that could have been taken in a worst case scenario to benefit in a long term basis (Wheeler, 2014). Considering that Australia is comparatively arid and deserted the value of water as powerful resource increases staggeringly, the EPBC act did a fine job in managing such a crisis in the best possible manner without harming the basic human requirements. Though, not all plans are perfect, for even better water management development, rain harvesting can be practiced in a large scale, the government can establish provisions for house to have water storage facilities driven off of rain harvesting (Peterson, 2016). Not just that, the government can proceed with intro ducing river protection schemes and treatment of industrial n7 the tides of a well-developed water management project. Conclusion Population density can also lead to a disability in the water management schemes of a country, but above all else, such situations can be properly managed if the government assigns a suitable amount of capital only to be utilized for water management schemes. In addition to this, the government must always be on the lookout for implementing new, eco-friendly technologies when it comes to proper treatment of water and water based resources. References Davies, P.J. and Wright, I.A., 2014. A review of policy, legal, land use and social change in the management of urban water resources in Sydney, Australia: A brief reflection of challenges and lessons from the last 200 years.Land Use Policy,36, pp.450-460. Docker, B. and Robinson, I., 2014. Environmental water management in Australia: experience from the Murray-Darling Basin.International Journal of Water Resources Development,30(1), pp.164-177. Froscio, S.M., Bolton, N., Cooke, R., Wittholz, M. and Cunliffe, D., 2016. The South Australian Safe Drinking Water Act: summary of the first year of operation.Journal of water and health,14(3), pp.460-470. Goldie, J. and Betts, K. eds., 2014.Sustainable futures: linking population, resources and the environment. Csiro Publishing. Low, K.G., Grant, S.B., Hamilton, A.J., Gan, K., Saphores, J.D., Arora, M. and Feldman, D.L., 2015. Fighting drought with innovation: Melbourne's response to the Millennium Drought in Southeast Australia.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water,2(4), pp.315-328. Mora, C., 2014. Revisiting the environmental and socioeconomic effects of population growth: a fundamental but fading issue in modern scientific, public, and political circles.Ecology and Society,19(1). Percival, R.V., Schroeder, C.H., Miller, A.S. and Leape, J.P., 2015.Environmental regulation: Law, science, and policy. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Peterson, E.L., 2016. Transcontinental assessment of secure rainwater harvesting systems across Australia.Resources, Conservation and Recycling,106 Radcliffe, J.C., 2015. Water recycling in Australiaduring and after the drought.Environmental Science: Water Research Technology,1(5), pp.554-562. Uniyal, S., Paliwal, R., Kaphaliya, B. and Sharma, R.K., 2016. Human Overpopulation: Impact on Environment.Environmental Issues Surrounding Human Overpopulation,738(632), p.1. Wheeler, S.A., 2014. Insights, lessons and benefits from improved regional water security and integration in Australia.Water Resources and Economics,8, pp.57-78.

Improving Otc Cycle at Woolworths Online Store

Question: Discuss about the Improving Otc Cycle at Woolworths Online Store. Answer: Introduction The key factor to the success of any company is its zeal to constantly develop and sustain in the market providing quality products and ensuring customer satisfaction. To achieve this the company should have the capability to change according to the market and revise the way it functions. All the functions of a company follow one or the other process that has been designed to optimize the cost without a compromise in the quality and produce reliable goods or services. A process design determines how things are carried out in an organization. The design has to be able to improve the various operation performance objectives such as cost, quality, speed, dependability and flexibility. Innovative ideas and creative thinking can help increase the performance of every aspect in a process (Laguna, 2013). One of the most commonly used process in any company is the order to cash cycle. This cycle has been successfully implemented in one of Australias most renowned supermarket chain, The Woolworths supermarkets. About the company Woolworths supermarket chain is owned by the Woolworths limited. It operates with 961 stores across Australia. The supermarket chain is well known for its tag line The Fresh Food People. One of the leading stand out of this market chain is that they obtain 96% of fruits and vegetables from Australian farmers and 100% of their meat products from Australian growers there by becoming one of the most indigenous company is Australia. Woolworths supermarkets has opened up to online retailing and the most recent idea to step into the world of mobile applications has put the company in the limelight (Wang, 2015). The groceries can be booked online and can be delivered to the customer or the customer has the option to pick them up from stores. Online stores provide the flexibility to order on the go there by engaging more customers. Customers who dont have the time to visit supermarkets or have a large number of groceries to be delivered or those who like to order in the convenience of their home find online stores as a better choice (Jiang 2013). Order to Cash cycle Order to cash cycle is the business process used to take customer requests for product bookings, delivering them to the customers and receiving cash in return (Korotina, 2015). A simple order cash cycle is shown below. When a customer requests for a product, it is called an order. The supplier takes this order and creates a booking and requests the concerned department to prepare this order. The order is packed according to the requirements of the customer and is sent out for delivery. An invoice along with the products is provided to the customer and the payment for the same is received. In case of online retail invoice and payment can be done along with the order placement. Order, pack, deliver, invoice and payments are each sub processes and can be done in several ways (Nelson, 2012). The next section describes how each of this sub process is carried out at Woolworths and how each of it can be tweaked to improve the five main performance objectives. Current process in Woolworths and steps to improve it Order Interface Current process: Woolworths supermarkets is an online retail store, hence takes orders on the website or the mobile app. Their operating website is https://www.woolworths.com.au/ . Such stores lack the ability to provide the customer with the touch and feel of the product. The customer relies on the user interface and the images of the goods provided, to decide whether or not to buy a product (Su, 2013). It is extremely crucial that the interface provided is simple and user friendly. The current Woolworths interface though good at what it does is not efficient enough for easy user navigation Improving performance objective (Dependability): Since the interface is the first thing the customer will notice when logged into the website, it needs to be appealing to the customer (Zhang, 2013). The menu needs to be replaced with words rather the pictures as the images of fresh fruit, fresh vegetable. Organic food, herbs all look alike. Also, the search bar should be much quicker in obtaining the correct results only thereby increasing the dependability of the website. Selecting the products Current Process: The products are categorized based on their type. Each product has an image with their rate and can be added to the trolley. Improving performance objective (Quality and dependability): Each product should have an additional feature that displays the number of times this particular product has been brought by customers. This feature enables the customer to choose wisely when there are multiple variants of the same product, thereby allowing the customer to depend on the website while making a choice (Bianchi, 2012). This indirectly certifies the quality of the product as well. List Current Process: The website allows the customer to save a product to a list making it as a default product that customer regularly buys. This is restricted to three products Improving performance objective (Speed, dependability and flexibility): The customer once logged in should be allowed to create multiple lists that can store up to 100 products. Once a customer is used to shop online for groceries and is constantly being delivered with quality products, they tend to return and purchase frequently (Lee, 2016). The ability to create a list helps the customer in saving the products that he buys regularly there by increasing the speed of purchase. The website saves this list for the customer and hence the customer can depend on it to retrieve the list rather than preparing one every time. The ability to change the contents of the list allows flexibility. Recommended products Current process: The current website only provides the list of products that are on a discounted price Improving performance objective (Dependability): The website should provide recommendations depending the products regularly ordered by the customer (Mosteller, 2014). Tracking the orders and lists of customers and displaying frequently brought products or products that are usually brought together will provide the customer with more options. In case the customer forgets to buy the something there is a high chance that he will find that product in the recommended list. Storing purchases and customer information Current process: The website currently doesnt store customer purchases. Improving performance objective (Speed, quality, cost): The website should be able to store a master data of the customers addresses along with the products purchased by them (Rollins, 2012). This will give the company detailed information regarding which products are sold in which area. The supermarket can hence recommend products on the website faster depending on the area of the customer. Also, this data would help the company stock the products that are sold quickly there by decreasing their cost in other forms of sales forecasting. Once the company is aware of the frequently brought products it can work at how to improve the quality of these products there by satisfying the customers. Feedback Current Process: Woolworths has not implemented feedback requests. Improving performance objective (Dependability): As mentioned earlier, the major issue with an online purchase is that the customer lacks the touch and feel of the product. Also, when a customer comes to a store to purchase he has the opportunity to select groceries that he thinks are of quality. It is not practical to accept returns on groceries as this would just increase the cost due to delivery and pickups. The best way to deal with these situations is to request customer for feedback (Berlin, 2013). A feedback form can be sent to the customer after every delivery asking him to rate the products. This would help the company in understanding which products of top quality and which products need to be improved. Packing Current Process: The current process of Woolworths is highly efficient. The company has been in the retail market for a long time and has found a reliable way to quickly procure and pack the various items requested by the customer. Each employee in the warehouse is given an invoice and they have to pack the complete invoice Improving performance objective (Speed): The order has to be divided into categories and employees should be stationed for each category. Employee receives the order number along with the items belonging to his category alone. The employee packs these products and tags them with the order number (Jostler, 2013). All the products are collected at one place and are regrouped based on the order number. This solution improves speed of packing but compromises on dependability as the chance of order mix ups are high. Delivery Delivery slots Current Process: The website allows user to choose slots for delivery. Each slot is of three hours. This means that the delivery of groceries can happen anytime in these three hours. The first slot is 6:00 am to 9:00 am which can be an issue for a working customer if the delivery happens 15 minutes before the end time. Improving performance objective (Flexibility): In urban areas people prefer slots in the early morning or late evening as the number of working population is large (Chen, 2016). Hence more number of slots with a shorter intervals of 2 hours when introduced attracts more customers. Slot change Current process: The delivery person calls the customer only when he is close to the area of the customer. The customer may reschedule the delivery on call as he may not be available though he booked the slot. This leads to unnecessary cost. Improving performance objective (Cost, Speed): The website should have the facility to reschedule orders without cancelling them. This will ensure that time and money are not wasted into trying to make a delivery when the customer is not available (Casazza, 2016). The route of delivery can also be modified to ensure faster deliveries. Express Delivery Current process: Woolworths currently does not provide the option of express delivery. Improving performance objective (Speed, dependability): Express delivery is an option where the products can be delivered to the customer within an hour or two depending on the area of the customer (Ferdinand, 2015). The supermarket can charge extra delivery charges for an express delivery. This process can be easily implemented by internally rescheduling the slot to the closest delivery to that area. This increases the speed of delivery and the customer can always rely on the website for urgent orders. Invoicing Producing bill copies: Current process: Woolworths provides a list of all the groceries bought buy the customer along with the total amount to be paid while placing the order itself. A paper bill is also available along with the delivered groceries Improving performance objective (Cost, dependability): Instead of providing a paper bill, Woolworths needs to completely migrate to online billing. The user can login at any time to see past bills and can take print of it only when necessary (Dixon, 2014). This concept is eco-friendly. Also when a bill is available online the customer can use it to check where the products prices have increased or decreased. Payment Payment methods used Current process: This is the biggest drawback for Woolworths online store. They accept only credit card and gift cards. More payment methods need to be added to the website making it flexible. Improving performance objective (Speed, dependability, flexibility): A Woolworths wallet needs to be introduced. The customer can transfer amount into this wallet and use to pay for products bought on the Woolworths site. This increases the speed of each transaction. They should also allow customers to pay via cash on delivery, where the delivery person can collect the amount once the goods are delivered (Gangeshwer, 2013). A card swipe machine can also be carried by the delivery person to make it easier to the customer. All the above mentioned improvements in topic 4 will effect cost indirectly as when rightly implemented all of these suggestion will increase the customer base. And more customers leads to more sales. Conclusion Order to cash cycle has been implemented hundreds of times in various companies. The key to any process to work efficient is to be able to incorporate ideas that will enhance the process to increase its usability. The five performance objectives cost, quality, speed, flexibility and dependability are vital to understand if the process being implemented is producing desired outcome (Krajewski, 2013). Not all processes are designed to accommodate all the five objectives. Some organizations may believe in producing extremely high quality products even if the cost of the product is high and the speed of production is low. While there are other organizations that would like the five objectives to be at an optimal level. Thus process design has no particular rules or strategies to be followed. Strategies are selective implemented depending on the need of the company. Note that no matter what process one uses and how many every times one changes the process, the quality of the goods have to be always up to the mark (Wiengarten, 2013). As customers prefer a good quality product at a reasonable price even if it is a little difficult to obtain. References Berlin, J., 2013. Method and system for managing business feedback online. U.S. Patent Application 13/946,915. Bianchi, C. and Andrews, L., 2012. Risk, trust, and consumer online purchasing behaviour: a Chilean perspective. International Marketing Review, 29(3), pp.253-275. Casazza, M., Ceselli, A. and Ltocart, L., 2016. Optimizing Time Slot Allocation in Single Operator Home Delivery Problems. In Operations Research Proceedings 2014 (pp. 91-97). Springer International Publishing. Chen, C.C.F. and Chen, Y.C.C., 2016. A Dynamic Programming Model for Attended Delivery Time Slot Management. In Transportation Research Board 95th Annual Meeting (No. 16-0559). Dixon, G.N., Kwok, T.Y.K., Laredo, J.A., Maradugu, S., Nguyen, T.N. and White, B.L., International Business Machines Corporation, 2014. Systems and methods to associate invoice data with a corresponding original invoice copy in a stack of invoices. U.S. Patent 8,650,221. Ferdinand, F.N., Kim, H.B. and Ko, C.S., 2015. Design of Pick-up and Delivery Routes for Strategic Alliance in Express Delivery Services. à ­Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã…“à ªÃ‚ µÃ‚ ­ SCM à ­Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ­Ã… ¡Ã…’à ¬Ã‚ §Ã¢â€š ¬, 15(1), pp.63-70 Gangeshwer, D.K., 2013. E-Commerce or Internet Marketing: A Business Review from Indian Context. International Journal of u-and e-Service, Science and Technology, 6(6), pp.187-194. Jiang, L., Yang, Z. and Jun, M., 2013. Measuring consumer perceptions of online shopping convenience. Journal of Service Management, 24(2), pp.191-214. Jostler, J., Jostler, J. and Berg, S.O., Pronova Ab, 2013. Method of sealingly packing piece goods in a bag, as well as bag units adapted herefor. U.S. Patent 8,425,388. Korotina, A., Mller, O. and Debortoli, S., 2015. Real-time Business Process Intelligence. Comparison of different architectural approaches using the example of the order-to-cash process. In Wirtschaftsinformatik (pp. 1710-1724). Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2013. Operations management: processes and supply chains. Pearson. Laguna, M. and Marklund, J., 2013. Business process modeling, simulation and design. CRC Press. Lee, R.J., Sener, I.N., Mokhtarian, P.L. and Handy, S.L., 2016. Relationships between the Online and In-Store Shopping Frequency of Davis, California Residents. In Transportation Research Board 95th Annual Meeting (No. 16-4402). Mosteller, J., Donthu, N. and Eroglu, S., 2014. The fluent online shopping experience. Journal of Business Research, 67(11), pp.2486-2493 Nelson, H.J., Poels, G., Genero, M. and Piattini, M., 2012. A conceptual modeling quality framework. Software Quality Journal, 20(1), pp.201-228. Rollins, M., Bellenger, D.N. and Johnston, W.J., 2012. Customer information utilization in business-to-business markets: Muddling through process?. Journal of Business Research, 65(6), pp.758-764. Su, L. and Tang, M., 2013. Interface Design Effects on Webpage: A Theoretical Study and Website Evaluation. Wang, Z., 2015. Supermarkets and gasoline: An empirical study of bundled discounts. Resources for the Future Discussion Paper, pp.15-44. Wiengarten, F., Fynes, B., Cheng, E.T. and Chavez, R., 2013. Taking an innovative approach to quality practices: exploring the importance of a companys innovativeness on the success of TQM practices. International Journal of Production Research, 51(10), pp.3055-3074. Zhang, X. and Qin, F., 2013. Oriented Research of Color Emotion in E-commerce Website Interface. In Cloud Computing (pp. 222-228). Springer International Publishing.